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Scientists Found the Gene NPTX2 in Brain Is Associated with Kidney Cancer
2014-07-24
来源：转载自第三方
24 July 2014
A study by researchers from Mayo Clinic confirms that genes that control brain growth and development are also actively involved in promoting clear cell carcinoma of kidney (the most common form of kidney cancer).
Their study revealed that NPTX2 plays a crucial role in this type of cancer, not only indicating that NPTX2 is active in kidney cancer, but also for the first time to reveal that the gene is overexpressed in any human cancers. Researchers are currently looking for whether NPTX2 may play a role in other cancers.
We have found that genes known to play a role in healthy brains are also associated with this most lethal cancer of the urinary system. We do not yet know why NPTX2 is expressed in kidney cancer, but we now know what it does in kidney cancer, and how it can contribute to the development of cancer. Since the NPTX2 gene is not expressed in normal kidney tissue, the drug aimed at its protein will provide targeted therapy.
Christina von Roemeling, the lead author of the study, analyzed the genome of nearly 100 patients with kidney cancer, compared with genes that matched patients' normal renal tissue samples to determine which genes were overexpressed or underexpressed. Von Roemeling and the team then silenced the top 200 mutated genes one by one to see how these genes affected tumor growth. They found that 31 genes are important for cancer cell growth or viability, they determined that NPTX2 is a key gene for cancer survival. Dr. Derek Radisky, co-author of the study using nine public genome dataset to search for NPTX2 gene in renal cell carcinoma, and found that it is closely related to kidney cancer genes.
The researchers also found that the receptor GluR4 (NPTX2 protein receptor) is also found in kidney cancer samples. They found how NPTX2 and GluR4 promote cancer growth and metastasis. In kidney cancer, overexpression of NPTX2 protein secreted from the cells, and then attached to the kidney cancer cell membrane GluR4. NPTX2 causes multiple GluR4 proteins to aggregate and form a channel into the cell, which causes calcium influx. Elevated calcium triggers multiple signaling pathways to promote cancer cell doubling survival and promote tumor invasion and metastasis.
Perhaps blocking the GluR4 pathway can lead to cancer cell death, investigators found that NPTX2 expression in renal cell carcinoma at all stages, especially the transfer, which indicates that it plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development. Its expression can be used as a biomarker to test which patients may benefit from NPTX2 inhibitors. (Suzhou Yacoo)
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