3D螺旋结构固态锂电池，电池界的未来?

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3D spiral solid state lithium battery, the future of the battery?

2018-06-14 来源：转载自第三方

14 June 2018

Recently, J.G. Werner et al. from Cornell University have designed a 3D spiral multi-functional solid-state lithium-ion battery, which greatly reduces the space waste inside the battery and improves the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. The research results have been published in the journal "Energy & Environmental Science" entitled "Block copolymer derived 3-D interpenetrating multifunctional gyroidal nanohybrids for electrical energy storage".

The basic structure of traditional lithium-ion batteries is a two-dimensional structure. There are two main problems: the proportion of non-active substances is high, and the specific energy of the battery is reduced; there are a lot of voids between the positive and negative electrodes of the battery and waste the internal space, which reduces the volume energy density of the battery. In this design, the researchers intertwined the positive and negative electrodes with a layer of nano-sized solid electrolyte in the middle:

Negative electrode—gyroidal mesoporous carbon (GDMC) with low lithium insertion potential, good conductivity, and a large number of continuous, evenly distributed micropores. The diameter of the GMDC prepared in this study was about 40 nm, the porosity was 63%, the carbon wall thickness was about 15nm, and the specific capacity was about 220mAh/g.

Solid electrolyte——Polymer electrolyte has many advantages such as high safety, mechanical flexibility, viscoelasticity, and easy film formation. It is considered as one of the most promising electrolytes in next-generation high-energy storage devices. Werner et al. used electropolymerization to produce a polyphenylene ether polymer electrolyte layer less than 10 nm on the surface of the spiral mesoporous carbon uniformly.

Positive electrode—Sulfur (S). Considering the electrochemical window of the polymer electrolyte and the diameter of the micropore in the negative electrode, the researchers chose sulfur as the positive electrode material of the battery and in-situ polymerization by injecting EDOT into the electrode. Good conductive PEDOT solves the conduction problem of S cathode.

After the insertion of lithium, the 3D structure of the lithium-ion battery is finally completed.

The solid-state lithium-ion battery has a unique 3D spiral structure, which reduces the waste of the internal space and improves the weight energy density and volume energy density of the battery. Although there are many problems, it still has great advantages and is expected to lead the future of the lithium-ion battery industry.

References

[1] J. G. Werner, G. G. Rodríguez-Calero, H. D. Abruñ, et al. Block copolymer derived 3-D interpenetrating multifunctional gyroidal nanohybrids for electrical energy storage. Energy Environ. Sci., 2018, 11, 1261-1270.